3.         FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

US GAAP defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value.  We have categorized our financial assets, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy as set forth below.  If the inputs used to measure the financial instruments fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1 - Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market which we have the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted market prices in markets where trading occurs infrequently or whose values are based on quoted prices of instruments with similar attributes in active markets.  

Level 3 – Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset and liabilities.

The following table presents the hierarchy for our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2020:

	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Money market funds:      Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,535,187		$	-		$	-		$	2,535,187
Certificates of deposit:    Short-term investments		-			2,870,000			-			2,870,000
Operating lease right-of-use    asset		-			-			93,907			93,907
Total financial assets	$	2,535,187		$	2,870,000		$	93,907		$	5,499,094

The following table presents the hierarchy for our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of October 31, 2019:

	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Money market funds:     Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,706,944		$	-		$	-		$	2,706,944
Certificates of deposit:     Cash and cash equivalents		500,000			-			-			500,000
Short term investments		-			2,350,000			-			2,350,000
Total financial assets	$	3,206,944		$	2,350,000		$	-		$	5,556,944

The following table presents the hierarchy for our financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2020:

	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Operating lease liability	$	-		$	-		$	94,219		$	94,219

Our non-financial assets that are measured on a non-recurring basis include our property and equipment and which are measured using fair value techniques whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate a condition of impairment exists.  The estimated fair value of accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates their individual carrying amounts due to the short-term nature of these measurements.  Cash and cash equivalents are stated at carrying value which approximates fair value.